Roseola

Alternate Names

• exanthema subitum
• pseudorubella

Definition

Roseola is a bodywide infection caused by a herpes virus.

What is going on in the body?

Roseola is an infection caused by the human herpes virus 6, HHV6, and possibly HHV7. These are not the same herpes viruses that cause cold sores or genital herpes .

Symptoms

What are the signs and symptoms of the infection?

The first symptom of roseola is a fever, which can go up to 103 to 106 degrees Fahrenheit, or 39.4 to 41.2 Celsius. The fever remains consistently high until the fourth day. The child may be listless and irritable. The fever goes away at about the same time that a rash appears. The rash usually starts on the trunk and may move to the neck, arms, and legs. There are usually a number of red spots and bumps that do not itch.

Other symptoms of roseola include the following: bulging of the fontanelle, or soft spot, in the head of an infant (this can also be a sign of meningitis)coughmild diarrheamild sore throatpuffy eyelidsrunny noseswollen glands in the neck

The child may also have febrile seizures, or convulsions due to the fever.

Risks

What are the causes and risks of the infection?

Roseola is a herpes virus infection. It is usually seen in children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years.

Prevention

What can be done to prevent the infection?

Some cases of roseola may be avoided by staying away from infected individuals.

Diagnosed

How is the infection diagnosed?

Diagnosis of roseola begins with a medical history and physical exam. Blood tests are not usually ordered but are available.

Long Term Effects

What are the long-term effects of the infection?

Usually, roseola clears up on its own without any long-term effects. Rarely, it can lead to a more serious infection, including: encephalitis, or infection of the brainhepatitis, an infection of the livermeningitis, or infection of the brain and spinal cord linings

Other Risks

What are the risks to others?

Roseola can be passed to other children who have not already been exposed to the virus. No one knows for sure how roseola is spread from child to child. Experts believe it is probably transmitted in secretions from the nose and mouth.

Treatments

What are the treatments for the infection?

Since roseola is caused by a virus, antibiotics are not effective. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be used to reduce fever.

Side Effects

What are the side effects of the treatments?

Acetaminophen and ibuprofen may cause stomach upset or allergic reactions.

After Treatment

What happens after treatment for the infection?

After the roseola runs its course, the child can return to normal activities.

Monitor

How is the infection monitored?

Any new or worsening symptoms should be reported to the healthcare provider.